Hence in general runtime permissions should be avoided and the API should be built in a way where no private data needs to be leaked. User can also often not make a good choice when asked at the wrong time without enough context. Users want a system that is secure and privacy focused by default. the users current location is protected by a runtime permission. This is needed if the API protects data or functionality that is sensitive for the user. Runtime permission must be granted by the user during runtime. Package (2eb7062):Ī_BOOT_COMPLETEDĪ_NON_SYSTEM_OVERLAY_WINDOWSĪ_ACROSS_USERS_FULLĪ_NOTIFICATION_APP_NAMEĪ_RESERVED_DISK: granted=trueĪ_PACKAGES: granted=trueĪ_BOOT_COMPLETED: granted=trueĪ_ACROSS_USERS_FULL: granted=trueĪ_USAGE_STATS: granted=trueĪ_NOTIFICATION_APP_NAME: granted=trueĪ_INSTALL_SESSIONS: granted=trueĪ_USERS: granted=trueĪ_NON_SYSTEM_OVERLAY_WINDOWS: granted=trueĪ_APP_OPS_MODES: granted=trueĪ_APP_OPS_STATS: granted=trueĪ_PACKAGES: granted=trueĮnd-to-end: Protecting an RPC call via a permission Service Manifest Service code class MyService : Service () Caller Manifest Runtime permissions If an install time permission is not listed here, it is not granted. In install permission the permissions with their grant state are listed. In requested permissions all permissions of the uses-permission tags are listed. In dumpsys package my.package.name there are two sections. Verifying an app has an install time permission The context class contains handy wrappers for checkPermission, such as enforeCallingPermission which calls checkPermission with Binder.callingPid/ Binder.callingUid and throws a SecurityException when the permission is not granted. The pid can be set to -1 if not pid is available. The uid is a mandatory argument as permissions are maintained per uid. In this case the pid can be read as Binder.callingPid() and the uid as Binder.callingUid(). By far the most common case is to check the permission on the receiving end of a binder call. Checking a permissionĬontext.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) returns if the pid/uid has the permission. Such “normal” permissions can still be useful as it will be easy to find apps using a certain functionality on app stores and by checking dumpsys package. If no protection level is set, the permission will always be granted. When and how a permission is granted depends on the protection level of the permission. Requesting a permissionĪny app can request any permission via adding an entry in the manifest file like Ī requested permission does not necessarily mean that the permission is granted. It is common good practice to prefix the permission name with the package name to avoid collisions. When talking about permissions for system apps we will see that it is important which package defines a permission. For that it simply adds an entry in the manifest file Īny package can do this, including the system package. Defining a permissionĪny package can define a permission. by checking which apps have the permission you can list all apps that are allowed to use APIs that can send data to the internet. This can be either because the API is not sensitive, or because additional checks exist.Īnother benefit of install time permissions is that is becomes very easy to monitor which apps can access certain APIs. The purpose of install time permissions is to control access to APIs where it does not makes sense to involve the user. Permissions for regular apps Install time permissions Android’s RPC mechanism is called Binder.Īs no app code can be trusted the permission need to be checked on the receiving side of the Binder call.įor more details please take a look at Android's security model. Processes can only interact via controlled interactions called remote procedure calls (RPCs). The process container makes sure that other apps cannot negatively interact with an app. Each process has a unique id called pid, but unlike the uid the pid changes each time the process is restarted and app that are not currently running don't have a pid. Usually an app is running in a container called a process. It is easiest to see a uid as a unique identifier for a package. This is the same as a uid in Linux, but this often leads to confusion. When a package gets installed the package is (usually) assigned a unique identifier called uid. The android system server is in a special package named “android”. Each package has a manifest file describing properties of the package. DefinitionsĮach app (often called package) has a unique name called package name. App developers should refer to the public documentation. Android permissions for system developers
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